Machinery for making paper



(No Model.)

G. E; MARSHALL.

MACHINERY FOR MAKING PAPER.

No. 297,702. Patented Apr. 29, 1884.

. ST TES PATENT FFMIEQ MACHINERY FOR MAKING PAPER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 297,702, dated April 29, 1884.

Application filed March 25,1ss4. (No model.)

To all w/zom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GEORGE E. MARSHALL, a citizen of the United States, residing at TurnersFalls, in the county of Franklin and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Paper-Making Machinery, of which the following is a full and true specification.

My invention relates to'that part of the machinery of a paper-millwhich drives the machine and all the concomitant parts, and is a continuation of and a combination with the inventions and devices contained in a patent granted me April 3, 1883, and. numbered I5 275,056. I i 1 In running a paper-machine it is absolutely necessary that the harmony between the different parts should be preserved and maintained by exact and quick adjustments, as fully shown in my former patent; but it is also of equal importance to provide, in the driving apparatus for making paper, for maintaining in certain portions of the machinery a constant and unvarying rate of speed as it is delivered 2 5 from the controlled action of the steam-engine,

water-wheel, or whatever motive power impels the whole machinery. All practical paper-makers know that this applies thoroughly to the pump which returns the water strained 0 from the paper-pulp as it is being formed into paper onthe Fourdrinier wire, to the screens through-which the pulp is strained on its passage to the Fourdrinier wire, to the agitators which keep the pulp in motion in the vat, and 5 to the shake which gives the oscillating motion to the wire, but while it is of such.

importance to maintain in all the above-mentioned parts of paper machinery a constant and uniform speed, it is equally necessary that 0 the couch-rolls, the press-rolls, the driers, and

calenders, including all those parts of a papermachine on which the paper is formed, pressed, dried, and calendered, must, in order to produce the full amount of paper the machine is 4. 5 capable of making economically, be varied and run at a greater or less speed, according to the character of the pulp and the thickness of the paper made. The provision ordinarily made to accomplish this is to use gears of different sizes at a point on the main line of pulleys.

shafting between the point of transmission to those parts necessary to run at a constant speed and those parts which it is desirable to increase ordiminish in speed. This is commonly done-by cutting the .main line of shafting at the desired point, and employing a counter-shaft running parallel to the main shaft and connected at each end by spur-gears to the two sections of the main line. The employment of different sizes of spur-wheels at these points of connection gives any desired speed to the couch-rolls, press-rolls, driers, and calenders, as the speed at that point of the main shaft transmitting power to these several points is varied by changing the spurgears at the points of connection with that part of the main line which runs at a constant and unvarying speed. This is an unhandy and expensive way' of working, for as the changing of the spur-gear necessitates the stopping of the wholepaper-machine while the change is being made, considerable time is lost in accomplishing the changes. Efforts have been made to obviate the necessity of stopping the machine wliiethe changes are being made,by combining two cone-pulleys ten to twelve feet long with the speed-gear running from one hundred and fifty to two hundred and twenty-five revolutions per minute; but they have never been so effectual as to be satisfactory. The length of these cones-ten to twelve feetdoes not admit of a high speed. on account of the springing of the cones, and it is necessary to use a belt of at least ten inches wide, in order to transmit sufficient power to drive the machine, and as a belt of this width can only work to advantage on cones of a moderate pitch, the range of the change of speed as controlled by the pitch and length of the cone is not sufficient to make all the changes of speed required 0 in producing paper at rates of from twenty to two hundred feet per minute, and it has still' been found necessary to use three'or more sets of spur-gears in connection with these cone- The extent of change of speed al 5 lowed by these cones from the slowest to the fastest being only about sixty feet per minute, when a change in the thickness of paper he ing made requires a greater rate of speed than this, the machine mustbe stopped and a change of the speed-gears must be made. So manufacturers have found that all their efforts to effect the desired changes of speed by the use of the cone-pulleys alone as commonly employed have been but partially successful. Again, the use of two long cone-pulleys in combination with the common back line or driving shafting of a paper-machine necessitated so much additional room on the back side of the machine that it has commonly been found necessary to erect a small building outside the machine-house, but attached to it, in which to operate these unwieldy cones. To accomplish this desirable purpose of changing the speed of the machine at once without the disagreeable necessity of stopping it and changing the gearing, and without requiring any additional floor-room, I combine four cone-put leys in pairsone of each pair placed above the otherabout five or six feet long, or half the length of those commonly used, and of dif ferent diameters, all as shown in the drawing.

of a high rate ofspeed, which permits the use of a narrow belt of only four inches in width. This gives the required power, and being able to use these narrow belts,'we are able to get a much sharper pitch of the cones, and thus the required range of speed is obtained without the annoyance of stopping the machine to change the gear. By placing these pulleys one above the other, and one pair driving the other, I

greatly economize space and the great expense 1 of a long wide belt, always costlyand trouble some.

The accompanying drawingbeing an elevation, partly in sectionillu'strates my invention and forms part of the specification.

L is the main driving-shaft, connected with the motor by pulley and belt, and terminates at K.

M is the main driving cone-pulley, connected by a belt with the cone-pulley N, placed underneath it. On the same shaft with N is the cone-pulley O, the larger end of the pulley 0 being of the same size as the small end of the pulley N. The cone-pulley L) is connected with the cone-pulley P, placed over it, and driven bya belt passing over both. The cone-pulley P is on a short shaft overhead, extending to and stopping at its bearing K on the right, and on the left extending far enough beyond the bearing 7 to carry a spurwheel, R. The belts connecting all the conepulleys are controlled by the shipper, as described in my previous patent. On the shaft F, which is stopped and has its bearing in the rear of bearing 7, is a spur-wheel engaging in the wheel R, which carries the shaft F, with all its dependencies. So it will be seen that the main shaft L, with all its driving-power, runssteadilyandalwaysthesame. Thepower for the other parts of the machine is communicated from M to N, to O and P, and by the spur-gears to the shaft F, from which are run the couch-rolls, the press-rolls, the drier, and the calenders, and the speed of all these together may be accelerated or slackened to any desired extent by simply moving the belts on the two pairs of pulleys M N, O P, while the individual parts are each controlled by the arrangement of cone-pulleys as described in my parent of April 3, 1883, No. 275,056.

V V are friction-wheels-one on the main shaft L, the other on a counter-shaft, \V,which extends in the rear of the cone-pulleys to the miter-gears 8, for driving the felt washers 2 2 which are necessarily driven from the main shaft, to insure the necessary uniformity of These cones, being comparatively short, admit speed, which they could not have if driven from the shaft bearing the conepulleys. These friction-wheels are controlled by a screw, X, engaging in the bearing of the shaft \V.

Y is a pump used for returning the water used in forming the paper.

Z Z are the screens for straining the pulp. 6 is the pulley that drives the shake. All these require to be driven bya steady, unvarying power, and are therefore necessarily attached to the main shaft by belts and pulleys.

I claim- 1. The combination of the four cone-pulleys M N O P, for the purpose of changing and regulating the speed of a paper-machine, constructed substantially as described.

2. The combination of the cone-pulleys M N O P with the shaft F, by which are driven the couch-roll, the press-roll, the driers, and the calender,-or any one of them, constructed substantially as described.

3. The combination of the friction-wheels V V with the screw X and the shafts L and XV, for driving the felt washers 2 2, constructed substantially as described.

4. The combination of the main shaft and the cone-pulleys M, N, (),aud P \viththe shaft F,to drive the different parts of paper machinery, giving to each the requisite degree of speed without the necessity of stopping the machine or changing the gear-wheels.

GEORGE E. MARSHALL. \Vitnesses:

WM. D. RUssELL, J urns S. GRINNELL. 

